西藏札达盆地古格剖面孢粉记录及其反映的古环境信息   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

余 佳 罗 鹏韩建恩  孟庆伟吕荣平孟宪刚  朱大岗邵兆刚 《中国地质》2007,34(1):55-60

通过对西藏札达盆地上新世古格剖面的孢粉分析,上新世古格组地层沉积物记录了4.40～2.74 Ma时期该地区的植被与环境演化过程。4.40～3.75 Ma时期,气候温凉而干旱,呈现出暖温带针阔叶混交疏林植被景观;3.75～3.47 Ma时期,属于山地暖温带针阔叶混交林,气候由温凉干旱向温暖湿润过渡;3.47～3.20 Ma时期,植被发育,属于针阔叶混交林,气候以温暖湿润为主;3.20～2.96 Ma时期,植被以山地暖温带针阔叶混交林与山地寒温带针叶林交替变化为特征,气候开始向干冷方向发展;2.96～2.74 Ma时期,属山地寒温带暗针叶林特征,气候持续干冷。  相似文献   

Newly Discovered Submicron-Scale Weathering in Quartz: Geographical Implications*     

Gregory A. Pope 《The Professional geographer》1995,47(4):375-387

Quartz is regarded as one of the minerals most resistant to chemical weathering. Nevertheless, quartz does weather under certain conditions. Several geographic phenomena, including downstream sorting of fluvial sediments, the distribution of loess, and the absence of silica in tropical soils, may be directly or indirectly related to quartz weathering. Weathering may impact the use of quartz in geographic applications of geochronology and paleoenvironmental analysis. This paper defines the molecular-scale mechanisms of chemical weathering in quartz, and presents the first examination of quartz weathering in the terrestrial environment using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). HRTEM images illustrate crystalline disintegration, or amorphization, of exterior surfaces and internal fractures of quartz sand grains collected from tills of the Eastern Sierra Nevada, California. Of several alternative mechanisms, in situ hydration of the crystalline matrix is the most plausible for quartz amorphization. Scale and mineral structure appear to be prominent factors in quartz amorphization; microenvironment and weathering rates may also be significant, but data are insufficient to make more precise generalizations.  相似文献   

秦岭凤州黄土研究     

雷祥义 《陕西地质》1998,(2)

凤州黄土剖面是秦岭具代表性的黄土剖面．磁性地层研究结果表明,秦岭黄土是在2．48Ma前开始堆积的。凤州黄土剖面的地层结构、物质成分及磁化率曲线反映出秦岭近2．5Ma来的古气候变化至少发生过33次冷干──湿热旋回,这种变化与深海氧同位素曲线完全可以对比．  相似文献   

柴达木盆地察尔汗古湖贝壳堤剖面沉积地球化学与环境变化     

常凤琴  张虎才  陈玥  杨明生  牛洁  樊红芳  雷国良  张文翔  类延斌  杨伦庆 《地球科学》2008,33(2):197-204

通过对柴达木盆地察尔汗古湖贝壳堤剖面沉积物中总有机碳、有机质碳同位素及碳酸盐含量、碳氧同位素的分析, 并结合粒度数据, 将研究剖面所记录的古湖泊环境演化过程划分为5个阶段.其中254 (连续古湖泊沉积开始与第八层底部) ~210cm (距今39.7~35.8ka BP之间) 为湖泊发育期.210~185cm (距今35.8~33.6ka BP之间), 185~112cm (距今33.6~27.2ka BP之间) : TOC、CaCO₃含量较高、δ18 O值偏正, δ13 C_org偏负, Mz值较低, 反映了当时温度较高, 湖水水位较高; 而112~55cm (距今27.2~22.3ka BP之间) 和55~0cm (距今22.3~17.5ka BP之间) : TOC、CaCO₃含量较低、δ18 O值偏负, δ13 C_org偏正, Mz值较高, 表明了温度相对较低(但气候仍较温暖), 湖水水位较低, 湖泊处于退缩时期.其间分别在距今32.2~32.4ka BP、30.4~29.8ka BP和28.4~27.2ka BP出现了3次较大的退缩过程, 约22ka BP出现了一次气候突变.贝壳堤剖面揭示在39.7~18.5 14C ka BP之间柴达木盆地气候较温暖湿润, 形成高湖面.从18.2ka BP开始, 湖泊进入退缩阶段.到17.5ka BP快速形成盐壳, 高湖面持续历史结束.   相似文献   

四川省剑门关一带晚侏罗世沉积体系与古环境演化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐世球  佘继完 《地球科学》2001,26(3):235-240

晚侏罗世是龙门山前陆盆地演化的关键时期, 因而沉积体系与古环境演化研究具有重要意义.运用比较沉积学的方法, 通过对沉积序列与旋回的详细研究, 将研究区晚侏罗世沉积体系分为湖泊沉积体系、三角洲沉积体系、冲积扇沉积体系以及河流沉积体系; 基于沉积背景和演化的分析, 确定龙门山推覆构造带是研究区晚侏罗世古环境演化和沉积体系空间配置的控制因素; 依据古流和物源分析, 确定西北部的龙门山是本区主要物源区   相似文献   

青海湖沉积碳酸盐矿物之间氧同位素分馏的评估及其环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余俊清  曾承  张丽莎  刘子亭 《湖泊科学》2004,16(3):223-226

青海湖沉积岩芯的矿物学和稳定同位素研究结果显示自生碳酸盐矿物以单种或多种矿物形式保存在沉积物中;不同碳酸盐样品的δ18O值的变化范围为5.47‰至-1.04‰,差值最高达6.5‰;δ18O值与总碳酸盐含量呈正相关关系,与碳酸盐矿物种类的改变则无明显关联.结果表明,造成δ18O显著变化的主导因素是湖水氧同位素组成,自然条件下生成的不同碳酸盐之间的氧同位素分馏不明显.说明δ18O是指示闭流湖泊降水蒸发水量平衡变化的敏感指标之一.  相似文献   

莱州湾南岸咸水入侵区晚更新世以来的古环境演变   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

张祖陆  聂晓红  刘恩峰  辛良杰 《地理研究》2005,24(1):105-112

莱州湾南岸是我国典型的咸水入侵区,古环境变化构成了现代咸水入侵发生的背景。本文通过对潍河下游地区A1、A5孔岩芯系统的孢粉、有孔虫、粒度、¹⁴C及热释光测年资料的分析,结合100余个钻孔的沉积特征,论述了莱州湾南岸地区晚更新世以来的古环境演化特征。本区经历了三次明显的冷暖气候波动,三次显著的暖湿期为85～76kaBP、50～24kaBP、10～4kaBP,为海陆过渡相沉积环境,这三个时期分别与晚更新以来的三次海侵相对应,与相邻区域相比,全新世海侵开始早、结束晚;两次冷干期为76～50kaBP、24～10kaBP,分别对应于早大理冰期、晚大理冰期,为陆相沉积环境。  相似文献   

Paleoenvironmental records from the northern South China Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GE Qian  CHU Fengyou  XUE Zuo  LIU J Paul  DU Yuansheng  FANG Yinxia 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(3):46-62

Core ZHS-176 contains the paleoenvironmental records from the northern South China Sea (NSCS) since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). A coupled approach based on clay mineral assemblages, planktonic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes, and calcium carbonate content is used to trace the sources of the fine-grained sediment and to investigate the paleoenviornmental evolution in this area. Clay mineral assemblages are dominated by illite (average about 39%) and chlorite (about 27%), which comes mainly from Taiwan and the East China Sea. Kaolinite, which accounts for about 13%, comes mainly from the Zhujiang (Pearl) River, and Luzon Island is the main source for smectite (about 21%). The planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopic oscillations during the last glacial period are coeval with climate variations recorded in the Greenland ice core and Western Pacific sediment. These variations include the LGM, Heinrich event 1, Bφlling-Allerφd (B/A), and Younger Dryas. For the Holocene, three periods of strong precipitation (S1-S3) and three periods of weak precipitation (W1-W3) are identified. The oxygen isotopic record exhibits corre-lation with climate records from distant regions, including the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere, providing evidence for global tele-connection among regional climate. A brief, negative planktonic foraminiferal carbon isotopic excursion during B/A reflects increased methane released from marine gas hydrate due to the rapid warming of the water. By comparing calcium carbonate content curves of the core ZHS-176 with these of other five boreholes lying above the lysocline, a remarkable low calcium carbonate event is found during the early Holocene in NSCS.  相似文献   

江西九江ZK08钻孔孢粉记录及其反映的古环境信息   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

谢振东  范淑贤 《地质通报》2005,24(2):170-175

根据江西九江永安ZK08孔中的孢粉记录，划分出7个孢粉带和10个亚带，并探讨孢粉源区约12700aBP以来的古环境演化。初步研究表明，约12700-10200aBP，经历寒冷期和温暖期，森林植被为寒温带针阔叶混交疏林、亚热带常绿阔叶林和温带落叶阔叶疏林的演化；约10200-9400aBP为孢粉缺乏带；而后约9400-8600aBP升温期以温带乔木林为主，约8600-3300aBP为大暖期，期间有2个低温期，植被以亚热带乔木林为主，约3300aBP进入新冰期，其中约3300~2100aBP的降温期以温带乔木林为主；约2100-380aBP为寒冷期，约890aBP以前为干冷，其后为湿冷，植被以山地的寒温带针阔叶混交林和温带落叶阔叶林交替变化为特征。约380aBP以来受人类活动影响，孢粉记录小冰期气候特征不明显，但约150aBP以来的气温上升显著。  相似文献   

Quaternary Stratigraphic Division and Paleoenvironmental Evolution Observed from Core LZK1 on Hengsha Island, Shanghai     

KE Xue  XIE Jianlei  ZHANG Zongyan  ZOU Yarui  WANG Guoquan 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(4):1167-1177

The Quaternary sediments in the Yangtze delta are loose and lack precise stratification marks in the lithology. Moreover, due to the limitations of dating methods, it is difficult for Quaternary cores to deliver accurate age constraints. Thus, it is a challenge to establish the Quaternary stratigraphic framework. Gravity core LZK1 was drilled on Hengsha Island, Shanghai, in the Yangtze delta, in 2012. The core was terminated at 403.83 m below the local land surface, the uppermost 291.2 m comprising a thick sequence of Quaternary sediments. This study investigated the stratigraphic subdivision and paleoenvironmental change of the Quaternary sediments. From bottom to top, the Quaternary stratigraphic sequence can be subdivided into the lower Pleistocene Anting Formation, Middle Pleistocene Jiading Formation, Upper Pleistocene Chuansha Formation and Nanhui Formation, Holocene Loutang Formation, Shanghai Formation, and Rudong Formation. According to this study, the Hengsha Island area was dominated by a freshwater lacustrine environment during the early Pleistocene, an alternation of shallow lake and shore lake environment during the Middle Pleistocene, a delta plain to lagoonal environment during the early Upper Pleistocene, a fluvial channel to floodplain environment from the LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) to the end of the Upper Pleistocene, and a delta environment during the Holocene.  相似文献